American Woman Suffrage Association

American Woman Suffrage Association Founded: November 1869 Preceded by: American Equal Rights Association (split between American Woman Suffrage Association and National Woman Suffrage Association) Succeeded by: National American Woman Suffrage Association (merger) Key figures: Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Henry Blackwell, Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin, T. W. Higginson, Wendell Phillips, Caroline Severance, Mary Livermore, Myra Bradwell Key characteristics (especially in contrast to the National Woman Suffrage Association): Supported passing the 15th Amendment (giving the vote to black men) even if women were explicitly excludedFocused on the vote for women and largely ignored other womens rights issuesSupported winning woman suffrage state by state with only occasional pressure for a federal constitutional amendmentSupported the Republican PartyStructure was a delegate systemMen could and did join as full members and serve as officersThe larger of the two organizationsConsidered the more conservative of the two organizationsOpposed more militant or confrontational strategies Publication: The Womans Journal Headquartered in: Boston Also known as: AWSA, the American About the American Woman Suffrage Association The American Woman Suffrage Association was formed in November of 1869, as the American Equal Rights Association fell apart over debate on the passage of the 14th amendment and 15th amendment to the United States constitution at the end of the American Civil War. In 1868, the 14th amendment was ratified, including the word male in the constitution for the first time. Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton believed that the Republican Party and abolitionists had betrayed women by excluding them from the 14th and 15th amendments, extending the vote only to black men. Others, including Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, T. W. Higginson, Henry Blackwell and Wendell Phillips, favored supporting the amendments, fearing they would not pass if women were included. Stanton and Anthony began publishing a paper, The Revolution, in January 1868, and often expressed their sense of betrayal at former allies who were willing to set aside womens rights. In November of 1868, the Womens Rights Convention in Boston had led some participants to form the New England Woman Suffrage Association. Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Julia Ward Howe and T. W. Higginson were the founders of the the NEWSA. The organization tended to support Republicans and the black vote. As Frederick Douglass said in a speech at the first convention of the NEWSA, the cause of the negro was more pressing than that of womans. The following year, Stanton and Anthony and some supporters split from the American Equal Rights Association, forming the National Woman Suffrage Association - two days after the May 1869 convention of the AERA. The American Woman Suffrage Association focused on the issue of woman suffrage, to the exclusion of other issues. The publication The Womans Journal was founded in January, 1870, with editors Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell, assisted by Mary Livermore in the early years, by Julia Ward Howe in the 1870s, and then by Stone and Blackwells daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. The 15th amendment became law in 1870, prohibiting the denial of the right to vote based on a citizens race, color, or previous condition of servitude. No state had yet passed any woman suffrage laws. In 1869 both Wyoming Territory and Utah Territory had given women the right to vote, though in Utah, women were not given the right to hold office, and the vote was taken away by a federal law in 1887. The American Woman Suffrage Association worked for suffrage state by state, with occasional support for federal action. In 1878, a woman suffrage amendment was introduced into the United States Constitution, and soundly defeated in Congress. Meanwhile, the NWSA also began to focus more on state by state suffrage referenda. In October, 1887, frustrated by the lack of progress and the weakening of the suffrage movement by its split between two factions, and noting that their strategies had become more similar, Lucy Stone proposed at an AWSA convention that the AWSA approach the NWSA about a merger. Lucy Stone, Susan B. Anthony, Alice Stone Blackwell and Rachel Foster met in December, and soon the two organizations established committees to negotiate a merger. In 1890, the American Woman Suffrage Association merged with the National Woman Suffrage Association, forming the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Elizabeth Cady Stanton became the new organizations president (largely a figurehead position as she then went on a two-year trip to England), Susan B. Anthony became the vice president (and, in Stantons absence, acting president), and Lucy Stone, who was ailing at the time of the merger, became head of the Executive Committee.

Brahmanism as an Early Stage of Hinduism Research Paper

Brahmanism as an Early Stage of Hinduism - Research Paper Example Brahmanism, which is also known as â€Å"Vedic Hinduism† dates back 4000 years and developed many of the beliefs and foundations for Hinduism. Although Hinduism did is clearly an extension of Brahmanism, many of the Hindu beliefs and practices were not established in Brahmanism tradition. The beliefs of Brahmanism were based on the sacred texts of the Vedas, hence the name â€Å"Vedic Hinduism.† Hinduism considers the Vedas a primary text of their religion but they do not limit themselves to the Vedas. In this way, Hinduism has taken its roots from Brahmanism and evolved into the third largest religion in the world. Brahmanism is responsible for developing a stable and enduring foundation for the Hindu religion. One system deeply rooted Brahmanism that has been carried over into Hinduism is the existence of a caste system. There were four different casts in this system including Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras. Of these cases, the Brahmins were the highest as p riests and scholars (Brahmanism, 1). Hinduism recognizes and maintains these four hereditary caste systems but over the millenniums, has added many additional castes (Hinduism-Brahmanism, 1). Both Brahmanism and Hinduism also have established a belief in four stages of life. The four stages of life are Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vanaprastha and Sanyasa. The functions and objectives of these four stages of life have remained virtually identical in present-day Hinduism (Hinduism, 1). In Hinduism, within these four stages in life are four objectives of life (Kama, Artha, Dharma and Moksha) (Hinduism, 1).

Module Five Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Module Five Assignment - Essay Example Thus, there prevails a requirement of maintaining fairness of opportunity and selection on the basis of educational qualification by reasonable and open competition in relation to the job criteria. The ‘Equal Employment Opportunity Commission’ in the United States abides by the ADA while recruiting people for certain job positions. The act is meant for defending people with disabilities against discrimination (U.S. Department of Labor, n.d). In the case of recruitment in ‘Tumor Registry Position’, it has been identified that the disabled applicant possesses good experience on tumor registry tasks. Furthermore, the applicant is also a certified ‘Registered Health Information Technician’ which is considered quite appropriate for the job position. However, the major disadvantage of the applicant is found to be his/her disability in certain aspects (McCuen, Sayles & Schnering, 2007). Considering the law on disability issues, the recruitment should proceed in an impartial manner. Adequate space should be provided for both disabled as well as non-disabled candidates with respect to measuring valuable skills and qualifications. Disabled individuals must be motivated in order to make them feel that their skills are worthy. In the recruitment process, there is a need for certifying the job description and principles on which the applicants are appraised to be appropriate. If any disabled applicant satis fies the minimum requirements of the job position, he/she must be invited for the interview process (Spratt, 2008). The decision with respect to recruiting for the position of tumor registry should be entirely based on the requirements of the job criteria rather than on the disabilities of the applicants. With regard to the tumor registrar job, it is related with the aspect of collecting and assessing information about patients’ diseases and conducting investigative trials and treatments. The task of tumor registrar is to maintain information of

Mobile phones Essay Example for Free

Mobile phones Essay In this high-tech fast world, undeniably, mobile phones became an inevitable part of everybody’s life without any age limit. Although, it has lots of merits, in my point of view, the intense use of mobile phones among children may be discouraged because of its adverse impacts on them. To begin with, mobile phones have numerous benefits. Presently, it is not merely a simple device, which allows an easy connectivity between people. It is supporting a number of other programs such as calculators, alarm clocks, voice recorder and so on. these programs boost their academic performances, if they use it cleverly. For instance, alarm clocks in mobile phones are useful for them to woke up early in the morning or adjust the time duration to write an essay. The easy accessibility of parents and friends make them comfortable and enable them to meet any emergency or unexpected conditions. Parents also will be much relaxed, as they know their children are safe. On the other hand, these wonderful devices have negative sides also. Most importantly, the radiations from these devices are harmful for their developing brains. Researches proved that, these radiations might lead to cancers. The destruction of studies is another matter of concern. The games in the mobile phones create additions to children. Chatting and telephonic conversations with anonymous people may result in insurmountable impacts to their young minds. These contacts may indulge them in bad company and mafia especially drug and sex, spoil their future. Furthermore, easy connectivity to internet attracts them to unhealthy web sites and their total character may change. Additionally, children can effortlessly cheat their parents by convincing a false. To illustrate, if they are enjoying a television program at his friends home, they can make to believe their parents that they are on the way to their tuition class. To conclude, mobile phones are beneficial devices, if we use it sensibly. Children, as they are not mature to handle it effectively, it may leave drastic disadvantages on them. Hence, I believe that mobile phones are not favorable for children, especially if it is used uncontrolled without proper guidance and time limit.

Lawful Civilization Essay examples -- essays research papers

All law stems from one source of order. In a time of anarchy and chaos a man brought for from a mountain top two stone tablets from which all law branches. Those two tablets, the Ten Commandments, were to be the seeds of lawful civilization. Those seeds have since become the roots of modern humanity. A prime example of this is the United States government. The phrase 'In God we trust'; is imprinted on every piece of legal tender and on most documentation. The purpose of law and government is to 'protect'; the people, but the fact that punishment need be imposed only illustrates the fact that it does not protect. Punishment is imposed only after harmful actions against society have been carried out. In order for punishment and legal intervention to be applied there first must be a crime or an action that is the government's responsibility to prevent from taking place. When law is applied the government has already failed to protect the individual; punishment will do nothing to help the victim after they have been victimized. Law does not, in truth, prevent such behavior; it only deals with it once it has occurred. Law does nothing to prevent socially harmful behavior, it therefore does not protect in accordance with the tenets set forth in the theory of the Social Contract. Why then, in such a modern civilization, do we have vigilantes? The answer is simple. The fact is that although humanity has advanced, law has failed to keep up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prime ...

Characters important in the novel? Essay

1. 2. Steinbeck uses Crooks to show the loneliness of itinerant workers and the power of ‘the dream’. The harsh way in which he is treated by other characters indicates a strong sense of racism in America in the 1930s. 3. 4. Racism is an important theme in the novel due to an excess of prejudice towards black men and women in America during the 1930s. Crooks is ostracised at the ranch and is a victim of extreme violence because of the colour of his skin, â€Å"Smitty says he would have killed the nigger†¦ He [Candy] paused in relish of the memory. † Candy, who is seemingly a harmless old man â€Å"relishes† the thought of the stable buck being harmed and smiles in delight over the memory. This depicts an America where racism is socially acceptable and is an everyday occurrence with casual degrading racism by referring to Crooks as a â€Å"nigger† whose opinion is deemed worthless, â€Å"If I say something, why its just a nigger sayin’ it†- the oppression has caused him to become angry and at the same time pity himself in the idea that his is regarded as inferior. The fact that he begins to pity himself accentuates the severity of the racism, as the effect is so detrimental to him (and all black people) that he loses hope of ever attaining freedom. Furthermore, when we are made aware of his possessions, we are told of his owning a shotgun, illustrating a scenario where he may be abused to the extent that he is forced to use it out of self-defence. 5. When Lennie inquires as to why Crooks â€Å"ain’t wanted†, he replies â€Å"cause I’m black†¦ They say I stink. † The white people act as though it is offensive to them to have the stable buck in the bunk house and is a disgrace for him to be in their presence. Lennie, who is unaware of racism, is Steinbeck’s way of displaying that is not necessary as a white and black man can get along well. However the author does this to show us that the racism is out of ignorance and out of a need for power as the depression has left them with nothing. There is an element of irony here as Crooks â€Å"has books† and a â€Å"tattered dictionary† which shows he regularly uses it to expand his vocabulary, indicating that he is better educated than the other workers. This is important as it displays that he is in fact not inferior and does not deserve to be treated as though he is. Steinbeck’s intention here is to show the reader that the prejudice is ignorant and even though he is more intelligent than the white men he is still mistreated, depicting a society where racism is integral. 6. 7. The treatment Crooks receives on a daily basis is one surrounded by racial prejudice and acts of violence towards him. Nonetheless, when Candy enters his room infatuated by the dream, his demeanor is significantly more friendly. This shows that ‘the dream’ is very powerful and is able to break the racial barriers between the men. The stable buck’s response however, is somewhat cynical- â€Å"you guys just kiddin’ yourself†, expressing his lack of belief due to futile attempts at realising his own dream and seeing â€Å"too many guys† suffer the same fate. 8. Although Crooks is mocking of their dream, when Candy notes they â€Å"got the money right now† he expresses his desire to â€Å"come an’ lend a hand†, even though he has reason to doubt their talk of a farm of their own. This conveys his yearning to belong and the fact that he is beginning to become accepted by other workers sees the start of his dream unfolding. 9. 10. 11. Crooks is used by Steinbeck to represent the extremity of loneliness of itinerant ranch life in America. Before encountering Crooks we are made aware that at Christmas â€Å"Smitty took after the nigger† showing how he is constantly living in fear of others and is forced into a life of loneliness and segregation. We see that this violence has led him to isolate himself and become an â€Å"aloof man†; for the most part he is left alone in the stable, however when Lennie enters the harness room, â€Å"Crooks said sharply, ‘You got no right to come into my room’ † He is instantly suspicious of any kindness and anyone, due to past experiences of prejudice, and the extent of this suspicion is seen through â€Å"Crooks said sharply† as though he is almost resentful of company as he is accustomed to being alone. 12. Steinbeck uses Crooks to bring into perspective the loneliness experienced by all ranch hands during the depression as they migrate to find work. â€Å"A guy needs someone – to be near him. A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†¦I tell ya, a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick† He is telling Lennie of the need for human interaction and to have someone to care for you and provide security. Crooks is talking mainly of his own experience and how the oppression of living in the barn and not being allowed to â€Å"play rummy ‘cause you was black† has shaped his cynical character. The fact that he is disheartened by not being included in rummy games and decides not to discuss the violence against him shows his desperation to be realised as an equal within society. However this may also be interpreted as being a generalisation as he speaks of â€Å"a guy†, Steinbeck includes this to show how it can relate to everyone during this time. 13. 14. 15. Crooks is treated as inferior and this has led him to become an aloof character who isolates himself from others and is used by Steinbeck to represent the loneliness experienced by all itinerant ranch hands in America during the depression. The sense of the stable buck being inferior is shown when he is physically and verbally abused by being called â€Å"a nigger† indicating the prominence of racism in America, this is important as it allows Steinbeck to explore the paradox of America with the land of freedom and hope being stained with racism. Furthermore, the fact that Crooks is forced to live apart from the white workers accentuates the idea of racial segregation during the 1930s as he, and by extension all blacks are seen as a disgrace. Additionally, the change in attitude towards Crooks by Candy from â€Å"relishing† his pain to inviting him into the dream is used to show the power of the dream. Riken Shah 11S Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Compare And Contrast Ophelia And Hamlet - 943 Words

1. Ophelia: All in the morning betime, / And I a maid at your window, To be your Valentine. / Then up he rose, and donned his clo’es, / And dupped the chamber-door, Let in the maid, that out a maid / Never departed more. (4.5.47-53) Modern English: Ophelia: During the early hours of the morning, I, a young woman, stand at your window in hopes of becoming your Valentine. Then he got out of bed, got dressed, and opened his bedroom door, letting the young woman inside; when she came back out, she was no longer a virgin. These lines, which depict the sexual interaction between a young woman and a man on Valentine’s Day, are sung after Ophelia has gone mad. In this quote, Ophelia describes herself as an innocent virgin who wants a man to†¦show more content†¦Isn’t it possible, then, that Alexander’s remains have been turned into the paste used for sealing a beer-barrel? The powerful Caesar, now dead and turned to clay, might seal off a hole to keep the wind from blowing through it. Oh, it’s strange to think that such a legendary figure might be used to patch up a wall during the winter! In these lines, Hamlet explains that the dirt used for fulfilling common tasks, such as plugging up holes, may include the remains of Alexander the Great or Caesar. Through this example, it is shown that despite the power that these historical figures held during their lifetime, they could not avoid death; years later, their decayed bodies are treated no differently than other piles of dirt. Hamlet thus proves a morbid point: everyone eventually dies, no matter who they are or what they have done, and life goes on. This theme of death is what drives the play along; it fulfills the expectations for a tragedy, which is the genre that Hamlet fits into. The inevitability and commonness of death, as suggested by Hamlet in these lines, fit into the context of the play the most. Hamlet’s speech foreshadows the fate awaiting the main characters, one that does not bestow mercy on any of them. By the end of the play, they are all dead, nullifying any power they might have had over each other. Fortinbras arrives soon afterwards, and evenShow MoreRelatedHamlet And Laertes By William Shakespeare1265 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Hamlet and Laertes† William Shakespeare s Hamlet is one of his excellent tragedies which explores the difference between themes such as love and revenge or the complexities of life and death. In Shakespeare s play, Hamlet and Laertes show some comparisons and contrasts which give an abundance of interest to the play. In fact, Hamlet and Laertes display impulsive reactions when angered; both have fathers killed, and both are seeking revenge. 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